痴呆
下一个步骤
About 痴呆
定义
痴呆 is a loss in mental skills, such as the ability to think, reason, learn, and understand. It causes problems with day to day tasks and 自我保健.
| Some Areas of the Brain Affected by 痴呆 |
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| Copyright © 2002 Nucleus Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. |
原因
Many health problems can be a cause. Some common ones are:
- Alzheimer dementia
- Brain damage after many small 中风
- Lewy body 疾病
- Front-temporal dementia, such as Pick 疾病
- Huntington 疾病
- Brain injury
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob 疾病 and other prion 障碍
- Parkinson 疾病
风险因素
It is more common in older adults. Other things that may raise the risk are:
- 有 other people in your family who have it
- Down syndrome
- 有 头部外伤
- 有 health problems that damage the heart and blood vessels, such as:
- High cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- 糖尿病。
- Multiple 中风
症状
症状 start slowly and get worse with time. A person may have:
- 记忆丧失
- Lack of focus
- Problems making choices or plans
- Problems naming things
- Problems with getting lost in familiar places
- 情绪波动
- Slowness when moving
- Pulled away from other people
诊断。
The doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Tests on memory, thought processes, and the nervous system will also be done. 的图片 the brain may be taken with:
治疗
The goal of treatment is to manage the symptoms. There is no cure for dementia. Some symptoms can be managed with medicines such as:
- Cholinesterase inhibitors to treat changes in thinking
- Memantine to decrease abnormal activity in the brain
Lifestyle Changes
These changes may also be helpful:
- Getting light exercise
- Eating a healthy diet such as the Mediterranean 饮食 or something like it
- Making the home a calm and safe place
- Getting personal comfort needs met, such as hunger, thirst, and emotions
- Using memory aides
- Choosing a person who can make medical and other key choices for a person if they are not able to
预防
The exact cause of dementia is not known. General tips for brain health include:
- Exercise regularly. Aim for 150 minutes or more of activity each week.
- 吃一 healthful diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, seeds, olive oil, and fish.
- If you drink, drink in moderation. This means no more than 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men.
- Stop smoking.
- Reach or stay at a healthy weight.
- Manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
- Look for ways to challenge and grow mental abilities throughout life. 这可能 mean learning new skills or completing mental games and puzzles.
参考文献。
- Alzheimer dementia. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.力学.com/condition/alzheimer-dementia.
- 痴呆 evaluation. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.力学.com/evaluation/dementia-evaluation.
- How is Alzheimer's 疾病 treated? National Institute on Aging website. Available at: http://www.nia.国家卫生研究院.gov/health/how-alzheimers-疾病-treated.
- 莫卡D.C.罗伯茨，M。.等。. 痴呆 for the Primary Care Provider. Primary Care, 2017; 44 (3): 439-456.
- What do we know about diet and prevention of Alzheimer’s 疾病? National Institute on Aging website. Available at: http://www.nia.国家卫生研究院.gov/health/what-do-we-know-about-diet-and-prevention-alzheimers-疾病.